Risk factors of urinary tract infection after renal transplantation / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the independent risk factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) in recipients under-going renal transplantation of donation after brain death (DBD), so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of postoperative UTI. 【Methods】 A retrospective study was conducted for recipients who received renal transplantation of DBD in our hospital during Jan.2021 and Dec.2021. The recipients were divided into the infection group (n=26) and non-infection group (n=74) according to the incidence of UTI 3 months after operation. The risk factors of UTI were identified with univariate and multivariate analyses. 【Results】 The incidence of UTI was 26%. Univariate analysis showed that gender, postoperative urinary fistula, time of indwelling catheter and time of indwelling double J tube were the influencing factors of UTI (P<0.05). Forward stepwise regression analysis showed time of indwelling double J tube (OR=1.086,95%CI:1.003-1.177,P=0.042) and time of indwelling catheter(OR=4.687,95%CI:2.064-10.645, P<0.010) were the independent risk factors of UTI (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The time of indwelling catheter and time of indwelling double J tube are the independent factors of UTI after renal transplantation of DBD.

Study on the genotypic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis virus and serology in the healthy population of Zhejiang province, 2012-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the genotypic characteristics and the neutralizing antibody levels of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) in both vector mosquitoes and in healthy people of Zhejiang province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Virus was isolated from mosquitos sampled from the Monitoring Stations located in Xianju county during 2012 to 2013. Phylogenetic and homological studies were carried out on the E gene. A total of 1 263 blood specimens from 642 healthy people were collected before and after the seasons of JE epidemics. JEV neutralizing antibody was detected by the micro-neutralization test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-five JEV strains were isolated from a total of 11 650 mosquitoes. The identity of nucleotide appeared as 87.8%-99.7% both from 2012 to 2013 and from 1982 to 2010 while as 87.7%-88.0% with vaccine strain SA14-14-2, in Zhejiang. The phylogeny tree of E gene indicated that the newly isolated virus belonged to genotype I but no mutation of amino acid sequence coding conformational epitope was identified in the envelop protein. Both positive rates and the geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibody in healthy people were 31.5%-42.0% and 1 : 2.56-1 : 3.53 in Xianju county, during 2012 and 2013, respectively. Both of the two positive rates (χ(2)≤1.76, P > 0.05) and the two GMTs (u≤0.64, P > 0.5) for antibodies pre or post the epidemic season did not show significant differences.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JEV isolated in Xianju during 2012 and 2013 belonged to genotype I. The positive rates of JEV neutralizing antibody from healthy people in Xianju were less than 42.0%, which showed no significant differendes pre or post JE epidemic season.</p>

Epidemiological analysis on 589 children with hand-foot-mouth disease from Xianju county of Zhejiang province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 589 children from Xianju county, Zhejiang province with hand-foot-mouth disease in 2013 were recruited in the study and the diagnosis went through clinical and laboratory confirmation. Attributes that were analyzed included gender, age, month of occurrence, regional distribution and clinical presentation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rate of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xianju county for the year was 102.72/100 000, with 12 severe cases but no death. There were clearly more boys than girls, with a male to female ratio of 1.29 :1, which was statistically significant (χ(2) = 14.274, P < 0.001). The vast majority of patients were 0-3 years old, representing 94.74% of the patients. The occurrences were concentrated in the period from April to August and November, with April as the high-incidence season. High incidence areas were the countryside and suburbs, making up 45.50% and 30.73%, respectively, of all cases. Most patients were in preschools or scattered home care environments, accounting for 51.10% and 40.92% , respectively. Clinical presentation was characterized by fever and various kinds of vesicles or papules at the hand, foot, mouth or buttocks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most of hand-foot-mouth disease cases occur in younger children in areas with inadequate knowledge of hygiene, with seasonal variation.</p>

Study on the genotypic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis virus and serology in the healthy population of Zhejiang province,2012-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the genotypic characteristics and the neutralizing antibody levels of Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)and Japanese encephalitis(JE)in both vector mosquitoes and in healthy people of Zhejiang province. Methods Virus was isolated from mosquitos sampled from the Monitoring Stations located in Xianju county during 2012 to 2013. Phylogenetic and homological studies were carried out on the E gene. A total of 1 263 blood specimens from 642 healthy people were collected before and after the seasons of JE epidemics. JEV neutralizing antibody was detected by the micro-neutralization test. Results Twenty-five JEV strains were isolated from a total of 11 650 mosquitoes. The identity of nucleotide appeared as 87.8%-99.7% both from 2012 to 2013 and from 1982 to 2010 while as 87.7%-88.0%with vaccine strain SA14-14-2,in Zhejiang. The phylogeny tree of E gene indicated that the newly isolated virus belonged to genotypeⅠ but no mutation of amino acid sequence coding conformational epitope was identified in the envelop protein. Both positive rates and the geometric mean titer(GMT)of neutralizing antibody in healthy people were 31.5%-42.0%and 1∶2.56-1∶3.53 in Xianju county,during 2012 and 2013,respectively. Both of the two positive rates(χ2≤1.76,P>0.05)and the two GMTs(u≤0.64,P>0.5)for antibodies pre or post the epidemic season did not show significant differences. Conclusion JEV isolated in Xianju during 2012 and 2013 belonged to genotypeⅠ. The positive rates of JEV neutralizing antibody from healthy people in Xianju were less than 42.0%,which showed no significant differendes pre or post JE epidemic season.

Epidemiological analysis on 589 children with hand-foot-mouth disease from Xianju county of Zhejiang province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods A total of 589 children from Xianju county,Zhejiang province with hand-foot-mouth disease in 2013 were recruited in the study and the diagnosis went through clinical and laboratory confirmation. Attributes that were analyzed included gender,age,month of occurrence, regional distribution and clinical presentation. Results The incidence rate of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xianju county for the year was 102.72/100 000,with 12 severe cases but no death. There were clearly more boys than girls,with a male to female ratio of 1.29∶1,which was statistically significant(χ2=14.274,P<0.001). The vast majority of patients were 0-3 years old,representing 94.74% of the patients. The occurrences were concentrated in the period from April to August and November,with April as the high-incidence season. High incidence areas were the countryside and suburbs,making up 45.50%and 30.73%,respectively,of all cases. Most patients were in preschools or scattered home care environments,accounting for 51.10% and 40.92% ,respectively. Clinical presentation was characterized by fever and various kinds of vesicles or papules at the hand,foot, mouth or buttocks. Conclusion Most of hand-foot-mouth disease cases occur in younger children in areas with inadequate knowledge of hygiene,with seasonal variation.

Study on the genotypic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis virus and serology in the healthy population of Zhejiang province,2012-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the genotypic characteristics and the neutralizing antibody levels of Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)and Japanese encephalitis(JE)in both vector mosquitoes and in healthy people of Zhejiang province. Methods Virus was isolated from mosquitos sampled from the Monitoring Stations located in Xianju county during 2012 to 2013. Phylogenetic and homological studies were carried out on the E gene. A total of 1 263 blood specimens from 642 healthy people were collected before and after the seasons of JE epidemics. JEV neutralizing antibody was detected by the micro-neutralization test. Results Twenty-five JEV strains were isolated from a total of 11 650 mosquitoes. The identity of nucleotide appeared as 87.8%-99.7% both from 2012 to 2013 and from 1982 to 2010 while as 87.7%-88.0%with vaccine strain SA14-14-2,in Zhejiang. The phylogeny tree of E gene indicated that the newly isolated virus belonged to genotypeⅠ but no mutation of amino acid sequence coding conformational epitope was identified in the envelop protein. Both positive rates and the geometric mean titer(GMT)of neutralizing antibody in healthy people were 31.5%-42.0%and 1∶2.56-1∶3.53 in Xianju county,during 2012 and 2013,respectively. Both of the two positive rates(χ2≤1.76,P>0.05)and the two GMTs(u≤0.64,P>0.5)for antibodies pre or post the epidemic season did not show significant differences. Conclusion JEV isolated in Xianju during 2012 and 2013 belonged to genotypeⅠ. The positive rates of JEV neutralizing antibody from healthy people in Xianju were less than 42.0%,which showed no significant differendes pre or post JE epidemic season.

Epidemiological analysis on 589 children with hand-foot-mouth disease from Xianju county of Zhejiang province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods A total of 589 children from Xianju county,Zhejiang province with hand-foot-mouth disease in 2013 were recruited in the study and the diagnosis went through clinical and laboratory confirmation. Attributes that were analyzed included gender,age,month of occurrence, regional distribution and clinical presentation. Results The incidence rate of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xianju county for the year was 102.72/100 000,with 12 severe cases but no death. There were clearly more boys than girls,with a male to female ratio of 1.29∶1,which was statistically significant(χ2=14.274,P<0.001). The vast majority of patients were 0-3 years old,representing 94.74% of the patients. The occurrences were concentrated in the period from April to August and November,with April as the high-incidence season. High incidence areas were the countryside and suburbs,making up 45.50%and 30.73%,respectively,of all cases. Most patients were in preschools or scattered home care environments,accounting for 51.10% and 40.92% ,respectively. Clinical presentation was characterized by fever and various kinds of vesicles or papules at the hand,foot, mouth or buttocks. Conclusion Most of hand-foot-mouth disease cases occur in younger children in areas with inadequate knowledge of hygiene,with seasonal variation.